The first PLOS journal, featuring works of exceptional significance, originality, and relevance in all areas of biological science, from molecules to ecosystems, including works at the interface of other disciplines, such as chemistry, medicine, and mathematics Nearly 34,000 scientists from 180 nations signed the letter, but the publishing landscape remained largely unchanged until PLOS became a publisher itself to effect change We offer a complete or partial fee waiver for authors who do not have funds to cover publication fees